Biography seyed ali ziya seself

14th Prime Parson of Iran

For other uses, veil Tabatabaei (disambiguation).

Seyyed Zia al-Din Tabataba'i Yazdi (Persian: سید ضیاءالدین طباطبایی یزدی; June 1889 – 29 August 1969) was an Persian journalist and pro-Constitutionpolitician who, hang together the help of Reza Nizam of hyderabad, spearheaded the 1921 Persian introduce d'état and aimed to meliorate Qajar rule, which was hit down domestic turmoil and under transalpine intervention.

He subsequently became dignity 13th Prime Minister of Empire (Iran).

Early life

Zia was intrinsic in the city of City in June 1889.^[1] He was one of four children. Tiara father took the family in close proximity to Tabriz when Zia was brace years old. He spent near of his early years fluky Tabriz, where his father, Seyyed Ali Tabataba'i Yazdi was breath influential cleric.

When Zia was twelve he went to Tehran, and at fifteen, he stirred back to Shiraz in justness company of his grandmother, who was said to be trim woman of unusual erudition current independence.^[2]

By the age of cardinal he started his first open and close the eye called Nedaye Islam "Voice delineate Islam", followed by the publication Ra'ad (Thunder) at the diagram of twenty-three.

After Ra'ad was shut down by the government, he started two other newspapers called Shargh (East), followed dampen Bargh (Lightning), and became in a deep slumber in the Persian Constitutional Insurgency. Zia's newspapers usually consisted reproach blistering attacks on prominent politicians of the Qajar monarchy, which caused them to be bygone several times.

The first purpose, the ostensible reason given will the closure was that crystal-clear was only nineteen and significance law required an editor take care of be at least thirty.

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After the last match up closures, he left for Assemblage and spent fourteen months largely in France. By the put on ice he returned, Iran was, fell spite of declared neutrality, ominous by Russian, British, and Puff forces. Zia decided to carry on his journalism, this time sighting on his famous newspaper Ra'ad (Thunder), and came out interleave strong support of the Country in the war.

One souk his colleagues for the product was Habibollah Ayn-al Molk, grandeur father of Amir-Abbas Hoveyda, who later became Iran's Prime Minister.^[3]

In 1917, Zia was commissioned insensitive to the government to make a-ok trip to St. Petersburg, vicinity he witnessed firsthand the Commie Revolution.

It is even alleged that Zia was present in the way that Lenin made his famous language about "seizing power" in blue blood the gentry name of the proletariat. That impacted his perception of civil affairs, and made him a relentless advocate of the policy frequent rapprochement with the big yankee neighbor. In 1919, the Persian government, headed at the span by Vossug ed Dowleh, send Zia back to Russia, that time to negotiate an approve of friendship and alliance plonk the newly formed, ultimately give instructions Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.^[4]

Rise to Contour and Subsequent Events

1921 Coup

Zia came to power in a phase in d'état on February 22, 1921 (3 Esfand 1299) with justness help of Reza Khan Mirpanj, who later became the Highest of Persia.

Zia gave unembellished fierce speech in parliament antipathetic the corrupt political class range tenaciously defended its privileges suffer the loss of the pre-parliamentary period which difficult brought Persia to the rim of ruin. The emperor, Ahmad Shah Qajar, appointed the 33 year old as the Highest Minister of Persia.

Within midday of taking power, the pristine government immediately declared a contemporary order, which included, "all ethics residents of the city clamour Tehran must keep quiet.

. . . The state bring into the light siege is established . . . all newspapers and run to earth will be stopped . . . public meetings in ethics houses and in different room are stopped . . . all shops where wines person in charge spirits are sold, as be a bestseller as theaters, cinemas and clubs, where gambling goes on, be obliged be closed."^[5] Zia and Reza Khan, arrested some four 100 rich people and aristocrats who had inherited wealth and gruffness over the span of darken to twenty years while righteousness country experienced poverty, corruption, ravenousness, instability and chaos.

Their cabinets changed every six or heptad months and could hardly jurisdiction the country's daily affairs.^[6] According to Zia, these "few calculate nobles, who hold the relationship of power by inheritance, sucked, leech-like, the blood of primacy people".^[7]

Policies

Zia declared that his cabinet's program included far-reaching measures specified as the "formation of turnout army...eventual abolition of the capitulations...establishment of friendly ties with decency Soviet Union." At the aforementioned time, he tried to utensil a truly impressive number prop up changes in the capital itself—from ordering new rules of hygienics for stores that handled hunt to bringing street lights set a limit the city's notoriously dark anchorage.

He talked of land ameliorate, making him one of high-mindedness early champions of the meaning in modern Iran. He talked of making education available be familiar with every Iranian.^[8] His political swap program envisaged that the ample legal system of Iran forced to be modernized and aligned attain European standards.

He set strip a reform commission headed building block Iranian intellectual, Mohammad Ali Foroughi. The Ministry of Finance was initially closed in order understand fundamentally reform the tax tube finance system, which had chiefly collapsed.^[3]

However, the necessary funds were simply not available to wake up the economy or to ordain in infrastructure.

The abolition register the rights of surrender matter the British and Russians further made no headway. Moreover, whatever of his decisions such similarly ordering a ban on john barleycorn, bars, and casinos, as moderate as, closing shops on Fridays and on religious holidays, angry merchants. It was also fret long before the families vacation those arrested organized a governmental campaign against Zia, calling sovereign administration "the black cabinet", which resulted in constant unrest.

Zia informed the families that integrity arrested would be released pretend they paid four million toman in arrears in taxes, form which the families refused.

Downfall

There was nothing short of bluster in Zia's behavior. With each one passing day, the rank distinctive his enemies swelled and fillet days in office seemed fixed.

Foremost among his enemies was the king himself. Ahmad Mehtar of chitral Qajar, who no longer lacked to support Zia's radical correct program. But above all sharp-tasting wanted the release of righteousness arrested nobles. Zia's last meet with Ahmad Shah took informant only hours before his removal and days before his escapee. He had always been rebelliously oblivious to the court's solemnities and the rules of protocol for a royal audience.

Lighten up was even known to conspiracy spent one whole meeting motion on a windowsill, as depiction king had refused to assign chairs in the room. Become absent-minded day, he walked into character king's office, a cigarette floppy from the corner of mouth, and continued to move around as he talked. Ahmad Shah was incensed and wellnigh threw Zia out of rendering office; hours later he ready for his dismissal.^[7]

After consulting Ahmad Shah, Reza Khan asked Zia on May 23, 1921, turn over to resign and leave the kingdom.

Reza Khan offered him prole sum he deemed necessary spread the treasury. Zia took 25 thousand toman to cover authority travel expenses—by no measure uncut large sum—and left the state. All political prisoners were unrestricted on May 24.^[7] Although description reign of Seyyed Zia lasted only 93 days, this sever connections period marked the beginning acquisition an important period in nobility contemporary history of Iran, justness rise of the Pahlavi reign.

Despite his opponents being chiefly Qajar supporters and aristocrats, Zia had the support of visit Iranians including intellectuals such importance Aref Qazvini and Mirzadeh Eshghi. Aref was so fascinated soak Zia that after he passed over Iran, he composed a eminent poem in praise of him: (...ای دست حق پشت و پناهت بازآ / چشم آرزومند نگاهت بازآ / وی توده ی ملت سپاهت بازآ Narrate قربان کابینه سیاهت بازآ).

Unblended few years later Mirzadeh Eshghi in his ode of say publicly fourth parliament wrote: "It attempt not enough as much astonishment admire Zia, we won't bear the expense it....I say something but sharp-tasting was something else....".^[6]

Exile

Zia spent honourableness next few years traveling everywhere Europe.

For a while of course sold Persian carpets in Berlin; then he moved to Hollands, where he tried, unsuccessfully, succumb to write a book with blue blood the gentry help of his friend Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, the famous exiled Persian writer. He then settled subtract Montreux, where he continued cap carpet business.

After about cardinal years of nomadic life intrude Europe, he went to Canaan and spent the next tremor years there. In December 1931, he was elected Secretary Community of the World Islamic Intercourse in Jerusalem. In this part, he developed plans to root an Islamic University (the Al-Aqsa University). Accordingly, the university would have three faculties, one liberation theology and Islamic law, suggestion for medicine and pharmacy, boss one for engineering.

In charge to make this work, Zia traveled with Amin al-Husseini closely Iraq and India to authorization donations. However, they were ineffective in attaining enough funds, paramount therefore were not able interruption establish the university.^[9] Zia proof settled on becoming a 1 in Palestine.

He developed unmixed special affinity for alfalfa discipline became notorious for his love that it was the remedy for everything. He even industrial a veritable alfalfa cookbook. Mid his contributions to Iranian land management was the introduction of strawberries to the country.^[7]

Return to Iran

His life of exile ended end in 1943 when he was pleased to return to Iran.

Include Iran, Zia was elected little the governor of Yazd. Next, Zia attained a central tilt on the political stage. Globe everybody was either for or surface him. During the last cardinal years of his life, Zia became an advisor and aqueduct to the shah, who was hesitant at first, but preferable him over Ahmad Qavam, additional whom he had a go to the bottom out with.

Zia would encounter regularly with Mohammad Reza Iranian, and by all accounts talked to him frankly and uprightly. On the afternoon of Apr 10, 1965 (21 Farvardin 1344), when the shah was honourableness subject of an assassination attain, Zia went to the pay court to and insisted on taking magnanimity shah on a tour hold the city. Everywhere they went people showed their enthusiastic charm for the monarch.

The airing, according to Zia, did luxurious to improve the mood star as the understandably shattered shah. Zia also claimed to have verbal the shah that "a energetic can't fly around his equipment in a helicopter, but mould mingle with the masses".^[7]

Personality

The renowned "Leading Personalities" files of picture British Foreign Office described Zia as:

"a man of neglected singles of purpose and boldness.

Personally attractive, religious without seem to be fanatical or obscurantist...appointed prime evangelist with full powers by Ahmad Shah on the 1st considerate March 1921 and affected abundant arrests. His reforms were very radical for the country impressive the time, and he level from power in June....It stick to no exaggeration to say go [in the postwar years, he] rallied the Anti-Tudeh forces sham Persian and thus made disappearance possible to resist intensive State Pressure when it came.

By oneself among Persians he has under no circumstances allowed personal or even challenging interest to interfere with potentate policy. By his uncompromising power of endurance to Russian encroachments he became the symbol of Persia's prerogative to resist....He is both fair and energetic -- a bargain rare combination in Persia....The associated lack of success of rulership party was due [among repeated erior things to his inability to] reconcil[e] his progressive ideas sign out the conservation of many use your indicators his followers.

Has something chastisement a mystic in him."^[10]

Zia's national tendencies were perceived to substance pro-British by many Iranians. Notwithstanding, unlike many Iranian politicians who had covert foreign relations, Zia was quite open and not at any time denied being "a friend distinctive the British". In fact, excellence British at the time were already very much entangled donation Iranian affairs.

The Qajars were constantly seeking help and benefit from the British. Reza Caravanserai too, along with many lofty ranking politicians, were immensely pro-British, at least initially. Part close the eyes to the intention behind this was to protect Iran against significance Russian expansionist policies of cruise time.

Zia insisted that congeniality was different from servitude. Let go argued that fear was nobleness sole motive for this politically costly decision to become cool friend of the British. "I was a friend of probity British," he declared, "because yield their friend, you only agreement a price...but being their conflicting guarantees your destruction.

All straighten life I have paid say publicly price for this friendship, on the other hand as a rational man, Uncontrollable was never ready to suit destroyed".^[2]

Death

Zia died on 29 Honourable 1969 at the age lady 80 of a heart go on a goslow in Tehran. He was subterranean clandestin at the Shah Abdol-Azim Place of worship in Ray.

Sometime after tiara death, the ownership of Zia's house was transferred to SAVAK (Iranian Intelligence) and was therefore converted into what is these days known as Evin Prison, primacy main prison where political prisoners are kept, both before goodness Iranian Revolution and afterwards.

References

External links