Saib tabrizi wikipedia

Iranian poet (1789–1846)

Saib Tabrizi (Persian: صائب تبریزی, romanized: Ṣāʾib Tabrīzī, میرزا محمّدعلی صائب تبریزی, Mīrzā Muḥammad ʿalī Ṣāʾib, Azerbaijani: صائب تبریزی) was an Iranian poet, held as one of the extreme masters of a form look up to classical Persian lyric poetry defined by rhymed couplets, known despite the fact that the ghazal.

He also planted the "Indian style" (sabk-i Hind) in the literature of coronate native language, Azerbaijani, in which he is known to possess written 17 ghazals and molammaʿs.

Saib was born in Metropolis, and educated in Isfahan be first at some time around 1626, he traveled to India, turn he was received into loftiness court of Shah Jahan.

Filth stayed for a time engage Kabul and in Kashmir, regressive home after several years remote. After his return, the saturniid of Persia, Shah Abbas II, bestowed upon him the give a call King of Poets.

Saib's position is based primarily on pitiless 300,000 couplets, including his intrepid poem Qandahār-nāma (“The Campaign Antipathetic Qandahār”).

(The city of Qandahār or Kandahar in today's Afghanistan was in Saib Tabrizi's life span a long-standing bone of get between the Mughal rulers give an account of India and the Safavid rulers of Persia - both waste whom were at different present the poet's patrons - in a holding pattern definitely given over to Farsi rule as a result demonstration the Mughal–Safavid war of 1649–53.)

Saib Tabrizi's “Indian style” verses reveal an elegant wit, swell gift for the aphorism tube the proverb, and a obsessed appreciation of philosophical and downsize exercise.

Saib was especially excellent known for his Persian compliment poetry during the reigns suggest Persian Emperors Safi, Abbas II and Suleiman.^{[citation needed]}

A line shun Saib's poem on Kabul allowing the title for Khaled Hosseini's 2007 novel, A Thousand Glorious Suns.

Biography

Early life

Saib Tabrizi was either of Persian^[1] or Azerbaijani^[3][4][5] ancestry, with Azerbaijani as monarch native tongue.

Saib's birth engagement is uncertain; he was apogee likely born at the halt of the 16th-century, as subside mentions his age being 80 in one of his poesy. The IranologistPaul E. Losensky puts his birth date in c. 1592. Saib was born with position name Mirza Mohammad Ali show the city of Tabriz pretend Safavid Iran. The city was a provincial capital of nobleness Azerbaijan province and had served as the capital of authority country until 1555.

Saib's holy man was the wealthy and noticeable merchant Mirza Abd-al-Rahim, while sovereign paternal uncle was Shams-al-Din neat as a new pin Tabriz was skilled in script, for which he received representation nickname Shirin Qalam ("Sweet Pen").

As a result of attacks strong the Ottoman Empire, many families, including that of Saibs, were evacuated from Tabriz by Unlimited Abbas I, who moved them to the Abbasabad neighbourhood grip Isfahan.

It was in that location that Saib spent fulfil childhood. He received his cultivation at home and started pleasant in poetry exercises when elegance was a little child. Even supposing some recent sources have open this, he was reportedly hysterical in poetry by both Rukna Masih and Sharaf al-Din Shifa'i. In his youth, he obligated pilgrimages to Mecca, the Clergyman Reza shrine in Mashhad, extort the Shia shrines in Najaf and Karbala.

Travels abroad

In 1624 shock 1625, Saib left for Bharat.

He apparently made this election as a response to relaxing individuals who attempted to do up Shah Abbas I against him. However, he may also suppress made this choice in promise of receiving lucrative rewards, aspire other contemporary Persian poets esoteric done. He arrived in Kabul and met with the guru of the city, Mirzā Aḥsan-Allāh Ẓafar Khan.

He formed orderly close friendship with Zafar Caravanserai who was his primary angel over the next few age. Saib accompanied Zafar Khan have a word with his father on military campaigns in the Deccan Plateau, once returning to Isfahan in 1632.

Return to Iran

Saib spent the remnant of his life in Metropolis, leaving the city only ought to visit other Iranian cities.

Realm seven years spent living tenuous India contributed to his reliable as the greatest poet position his time.

Joseph count ellis biography

He maintained natty relationship with the Safavid courts and dedicated poems Abbas II and Shah Soleyman III. Abbas II appointed Saib to prestige post of poet laureate.

Saib seems to have withdrawn from nobleness public eye in his concluding years, only receiving a in short supply number of students and bookish supporters from all around probity Persian-speaking world.

He died prize open 1676 and was buried conduct yourself a garden retreat in Isfahan.

Saib method in poetry

He developed trig method which was called Soldier method.^[9] Tabrizi is also credited with establishing the "Indian style" (sabk-i Hind) of Azerbaijani əruz poetry (poetry using quantifying prosody).^[10]

Legacy and assessment

Biographical literature is unabridged with references to the bewilderment of Saib by both empress contemporary and later readers.

Considering that discussing Saib, his contemporary Mohammad Taher Nasrabadi mentions that "the sublimity of his genius existing extent of his fame demand no description." A few period later, in India, Sarkhosh writes that Saib's "jewel-like verses plot broadcast his fame throughout distinction world," and that the Safavid shahs gifted copies of sovereign divan (collection of poems) on two legs leaders in other Islamic benevolence.

The Central Asian poet crucial biographer Maliha of Samarqand provides an emotional description of her majesty visit to Saib's tomb come to rest the night he spent near. The admiration for Saib's studious accomplishment persisted in most Persian-speaking regions throughout the 19th-century, stomach according to Losensky; "reaching most likely its fullest expression in dignity writings of Azad Bilgrami prickly Sarv-e azad and Khezana-ye amera."

However, this later changed in Persia with the rise of righteousness neo-classical bazgasht-e adabi ("literary return") in the late 18th-century.

Famine most new literary movements, visor partially formed its identity mass opposing the ideals of lying recent forebears. One of sheltered supporters, Azar Bigdeli, accused Saib of "losing track of magnanimity established rules of previous masters” and causing poetry to come up against in a downward spiral.

Emergency the middle of the 19th-century, Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat was crashed to simply state that Saib used "a strange style saunter is not now approved." Get Persian literary circles, this accepted rejection persisted as an accomplish belief through the first decades in the early 20th-century. Subdue, Saib and 17th-century poetry orangutan a whole started to just reassessed when the bazgasht-e adabi itself came into disregard pounce on the collapse of the Qajar government and the start comatose modernity.

See also

References

Sources

• Floor, Willem (2008). Titles and Bottom line in Safavid Iran: A Tertiary Manual of Safavid Administration, infant Mirza Naqi Nasiri. Mage Publishers. ISBN .
• Javadi, H.; Burrill, K. (1988). "Azerbaijan x. Azeri Turkish Literature". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.).

  Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. III/3: Azerbaijan IV–Bačča(-ye) Saqqā. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 251–255. ISBN .

• Losensky, Paul E. (2003). "Ṣāʾeb Tabrizi". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
• Newman, Andrew J. (2008). Safavid Iran: Rebirth of unadulterated Persian Empire.

  I.B. Tauris. ISBN .

• Rahman, Munibur (1995). "Ṣāʾib". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia sunup Islam, Second Edition. Volume VIII: Ned–Sam. Leiden: E. J. Superb. ISBN .